Sima Prendergast
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Anabolic Steroids: Uses, Abuse, And Side Effects
An Overview of Anabolic Steroids: Uses, Risks, and How to Stay Safe
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What Are Anabolic Steroids?
Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. While they’re naturally produced in the body’s endocrine system, anabolic steroids come from a laboratory where chemists modify the hormone’s structure so it can be taken as pills, injections, or topical creams.
Key Points
Term Meaning
Anabolic Builds up tissue (muscles, bone)
Steroid Chemical class derived from cholesterol
Testosterone Primary male **** hormone
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Why Are They Used?
Medical Treatments:
- Hormone replacement therapy for men with low testosterone.
- Treating certain types of anemia or growth disorders in children.
Athletic Performance Enhancement (non-medical):
- Users aim to increase muscle mass, strength, and recovery time.
How Do They Work?
Binding to Androgen Receptors
Testosterone binds receptors inside cells, signaling protein production that promotes muscle growth.
Conversion to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
In some tissues, testosterone is converted to a more potent form, DHT, further amplifying effects.
Suppression of Natural Hormone Production
High levels of external testosterone signal the body to reduce its own production, which can lead to hormone imbalances.
Side Effects and Risks
Category Possible Consequences
Hormonal Reduced sperm count, infertility, testicular shrinkage
Cardiovascular Higher blood pressure, increased risk of heart disease
Liver Potential damage with oral steroids
Mood/Behavior Aggression, mood swings, depression
Physical Appearance Acne, hair loss, enlarged breasts (gynecomastia)
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Alternatives for Performance Enhancement
Legal Supplements: Creatine, beta-alanine, branched‑chain amino acids.
Training Strategies: High‑intensity interval training (HIIT), periodization, progressive overload.
Recovery Tactics: Adequate sleep, nutrition rich in protein and omega‑3 fatty acids, active recovery sessions.
Bottom Line
Using anabolic steroids to boost athletic performance is highly risky. The potential for serious health consequences far outweighs any short‑term gains. Focus on proven, safe methods—proper training, nutrition, rest, and legal supplements—to improve your athletic performance without compromising your long‑term well‑being.
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References
Bhasin S., et al. Anabolic Steroids: Clinical Use, Abuse, and Health Consequences. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2005.
Jaeckle KA. Steroid-Related Endocrine Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2017.
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Prohibited List 2024.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Anabolic Steroids: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers. 2022.
(All sources accessed via university library databases; DOI links available upon request.)
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Prepared by:
Your Name – Graduate Student, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
University Library Research Support Team
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